The Leins Family of Pforzheim in New York

"Immigrants: we get the job done" -- Lin-Manuel Miranda, Hamilton

As far as I know, the first member of the Leins family of Pforzheim to arrive in the States was Karl Albert born 11 Jan 1884, the son of Karolina Heinz and Karl Wilhelm Leins. He arrived 19 Apr 1905 aboard the SS Noordam out of Boulogne. Interestingly, the passenger manifest lists his most recent residence as being Lyon. It's not specified that this is a reference to Lyon in France. Karl's occupation is given as merchant.

The next Leins across the ocean seems to have been Karl's cousin Oscar. Oscar was born 20 Jun 1882, the son of Emilie Wilhelmine Seyffert and Franz Leins. According to his census records, he immigrated to the States in 1906. I haven't been able to find the passenger manifest.

Oscar married Anna Abegglen in Manhattan on 09 Apr 1908. According to her citizenship petition, Anna was born 05 Jun 1880 in Brienz in the Bern canton of Switzerland. Her parents were Christian Abegglen and Magdalena Huggler. She arrived in NYC 27 Oct 1907 aboard the SS New York out of Southampton to join her aunt "Mrs. Kans" at 214 East something Street. The street number isn't clear, and someone has added 81st in another hand. I was baffled by this until I saw that one of the witnesses to Anna's citizenship petition in 1925 was Albert Kunz at 214 East 89st Street. Albert's mother was Margaretha Abegglen Kunz.

By 1910, Oscar and Anna were living at 223 East 40th Street in Manhattan along with two lodgers. One of these was Alfred Abegglen, who may have been either Anna's brother or her cousin. He described her as his sister when he arrived in NYC 07 Nov 1909 aboard the SS New York out of Southampton. However, he also stated that he was born in Iseltwald (11 km east along the shores of the Brienzersee from Brienz) and that his father was Johann Abegglen of Iseltwald. His WWI draft registration says that he was born 12 Apr 1890 in Brienz, and according to his California death record, his mother's last name was Huggler.

Alfred, Oscar and the other lodger were all working as servants at a hotel. This apparently paid well enough to allow for some travel. Oscar returned from a trip abroad on 26 Sep 1910 aboard the SS Kaiserin Augusta Victoria out of Hamburg. He left behind his father, Franz Leins, in Pforzheim and was returning to his wife Anna at 223 West 40th Street.

Anna had her turn at travelling the next year. She returned 12 Dec 1911 aboard the SS Lapland out of Antwerp, leaving behind her parents in Brienz and return to her husband Oscar at 248 West 38th Street in New York. She was accompanied by two other women from Brienz, 24-year-old Marie Ruef or Rueff and 40-year-old Elise Stucki.

Marie's 1917 Manhattan marriage records states that she was the daughter of Ulrich Ruef and "Mary" Huggler. On her passenger manifest, she wrote that she was joining her aunt Barbara [Ruef] Hepp at 1211 1st Avenue in NYC. However, two separate discharge notes were added. One says that she was discharged to her aunt, the other that she was discharged to her cousin, Alfred "Abechlin." It would appear that the Abbeglins, the Hugglers and the Ruefs were all interconnected.

Elise Stucki was going to join her aunt "Mary" Kunz at 214 East "98th" Street. This is of course Anna's aunt Margaretha Kunz at 214 East 89th Street.

Meanwhile, two other members of the Leins family had arrived in the States, perhaps inspired by Oscar's visit in 1910. Karl Albert's sister Ida Emilie (born 23 May 1886) arrived in NYC 05 Oct 1910 aboard the SS Pretoria out of Hamburg. She left behind her father Karl in Pforzheim and was going to join her cousin Oscar at 223 "East" 40th Street. She was discharged to her cousin Anna.

Ida was followed on 17 Feb 1911 by her brother Arthur Eugen (born 12 Feb 1887), arriving aboard the SS President Lincoln out of Hamburg. Arthur proposed to join his brother "Carl" at "224 East 40th Street." I suspect that this may be a garbled form of Oscar and Anna's address. I haven't been able to find Karl Albert Leins in the 1910 US Census at all. Like Karl, Arthur originally gave his occupation on the passenger manifest as "merchant." Someone crossed it out and amended it to "clerk."

Where was Karl? After his immigration in 1905, I lose track until 1913, when he appears in Hennepin County, Minnesota! On 01 Feb 1913, "Charles A Leins" married Anna O Larson in Hennepin County, which probably means in Minneapolis. Anna was born 28 Mar 1887 in Northfield, Wisconsin, the daughter of a Norwegian immigrant named Olaf Larson and a Swedish immigrant named Annie Olsen. Sometime between 1900 and 1905 she moved to Minneapolis, where she worked as a domestic.

Charles and Anna's oldest daughter Dorothea was born in Minneapolis 26 Dec 1913.

Arthur also married at about this time. Sometime between 01 Sep 1912 and 22 Sep 1914, he married Edna Tietjen. Edna, born 1891-1893 in Farven, Germany, was the daughter of Jacob and Mata Tietjen. Her records say that she immigrated to the States in 1906, but I haven't been able to find the passenger manifest. (Was she on the same ship that Oscar Leins was on in 1906?) The first definite record I have for her is on 01 Sep 1912, when she's returning to NYC on the SS George Washington out of Bremen. She left behind her father Jacob at "Farven Post Kutenholz Kreis Bremervörde." In other words, Farven is a village that's too small to have a post office, so Jacob gets his mail in the neighbouring village of Kutenholz. The nearest sizable town is Bremervörde, about halfway between Bremerhaven and Hamburg.

I haven't been able to find a marriage record for Arthur and Edna, but their oldest son was born in New York on 22 Sep 1914. He's referred to as William in most records, but in the 1915 New York State Census, he's listed as Arthur, 240 days old. Arthur Sr, Edna and their infant son were sharing house number 465 in Brooklyn with Charles, Anna and Dorothy, who'd come back east from Minneapolis.

William AKA Arthur was followed by Irene born 21 Nov 1915 and Helen born in or about 1916. Arthur and Edna were to have two more children born after WWI, a daughter named Caroline born in or about 1918 and their final child, a son definitely named Arthur, on 23 Jul 1925. Charles and Anna also had another child, a son named Charles Olaf born 27 Aug 1917. After WWI a third child was born to them on 28 Oct 1919 and named Peter, but he died the same day.

By the time Charles and Albert registered for the WWI draft, their households had split up. Charles and his family were living at 345 Sylvan Place (off East 120th Street). Arthur and his family were living at 594 East 141st Street. Both men were working as drivers at Cushman's Bakery.

Meanwhile, Oscar and Anna had moved up to Boston. Oscar stated on his WWI draft records that he and Anna were living at 16 Dover Street in Boston and that he was working as a waiter at the "Tourraine Hotel," probably the Hotel Touraine.

One more draft registration record needs to be mentioned here. Frank Reuther registered in Cleveland, Ohio, where he was living at 2021 West 81st Street. Someone has added in a different hand at the top of the card, "2366 Amsterdam Ave New York N.Y." with no indication as to why this was done. Frank had been born 19 Dec 1887 in Freinsheim. He was working as a cook on a lake (Lake Erie) steamer. As of 04 Jun 1917, he was single.

On 18 Oct 1917 Frank Reuther and Selma Hanke received a marriage license from the state of Ohio. The license gives Frank's parents' names as Fritz Reuther and Barbara Hammel. However, the marriage never took place. The license was returned on 14 Feb 1918. On 09 May 1918 - only 23 days later - Frank married Ida Leins in the Bronx. Same parents, same birthplace, 30 years old, no question that it's the same guy.

The 1920 census found Ida and Frank Reuther, Charles and Anna Leins and Arthur and Edna Leins all living at 2366 Amsterdam Avenue - the same address added to Frank's WWI draft registration card when he registered in Cleveland. None of them lived in the building in 1915. Arthur and Edna were enumerated as household 559. He was working as a chauffeur for automobiles. Charles and Anna were enumerated as household 569. He was still working as a driver for a bakery. Finally Ida and Frank were enumerated as household 574. Frank too was working as a driver for a bakery.

Oscar and Anna were still living in Boston on 16 Dover Street. Oscar was working as a waiter in a hotel.

Meta Leins born 27 Aug 1889 - Ida, Charles and Arthur's sister - arrived in NYC 01 May 1921 aboard the SS Noordam out of Rotterdam. She had left behind their father Karl in Pforzheim and was going to join Ida at 2366 Amsterdam Avenue. She hadn't yet gotten the news that the building number had changed. Advertisements in the New York Times published 17 Apr 1921 and 24 Apr 1921 refer to the building as "2374 Amsterdam Avenue formerly known as 2366 Amsterdam Ave."

The same year that Meta arrived in the States, Oscar and Anna left. Oscar returned 27 May 1922 aboard the SS Resolute out of Hamburg. His gave his "last permanent residence" as Pforzheim and Anna as the person left behind at 1 Emilienstraße in Pforzheim. His contact in the States was his cousin Frank Reuther at 2374 Amsterdam Avenue in NYC.

Anna returned six months later, apparently not from Pforzheim but from Brienz, where she'd left behind her father Christian. She arrived in NYC 25 Nov 1922 aboard the SS Reliance out of Hamburg, accompanied by her 34-year-old sister Lina, a dressmaker. Both women were headed for Anna and Oscar's home at 214 East 89th Street.

Oscar's WWI draft registration and 1920 census record indicated that he had filed "papers", i.e., a Declaration of Intention to become a US citizen. However, he had not followed through with a citizenship petition. In fact, he didn't become a citizen until 01 Aug 1946. Until 1922 this meant that Anna could not be a US citizen either, as women derived their citizenship from their husbands. This changed on 22 Sep 1922, when the Cable Act, also known as the Married Women's Independent Nationality Act, was signed into law.

Anna wasted no time. She filed her own Declaration of Intention on 08 Jan 1923. Meta followed her example on 02 May 1923, giving her occupation as maid and her address as 2374 Amsterdam Avenue (i.e. Ida and Frank's address).

On 25 Aug 1924 Lina Abegglen married John Harm in Manhattan. Like Frank Reuther, John was born in Freinsheim. His date of birth was 12 Feb 1887 and his parents were Ludwig Harm and Anna Margaretha Anton. John (Johann) arrived in NYC 18 Mar 1914 aboard the SS Kronprinzessin Cecilie out of Bremen. His contact in the States was his older brother Michael, a farmer in Salem County, New Jersey. As of 1917, John was working in Sullivan County, New York, as a farmer. By 1920 he was living in Manhattan and working as a railway labourer. After he and Lina married, I lost track of them both.

1925 started off sadly. Frank Reuther died 31 Jan 1925 and was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery. On 16 Mar 1925, Ida applied for a US passport. Because Ida and Frank had married before 22 Sep 1922 and because Frank had become a US citizen before then, Ida didn't have to apply for citizenship on her own. She did, however, have to prove Frank's citizenship. Her passport application states that Frank had emigrated to the States in 1912 (the 1920 US Census says 1910) and that he had been naturalized by the Superior Court of the State of New York at New York, New York, on 05 May 1922 "as shown by the accompany Certificate of Naturalization." (Alas, the certificate was not included with the passport application records.)

Ida's identity was vouched for by her sister Meta, a nurse living at the same address as Ida: 2374 Amsterdam Avenue.

There's something a bit odd about Ida's application. At this time people usually applied for passports for a specific trip. The passport application asked them to state how long they would be gone from the States, the countries they would be travelling to and the purpose for the trip. Furthermore, it asked them to state which port they would be leaving from, the name of the ship and the date of departure. The implication is that most people bought their tickets before they applied for a passport.

Ida said that she was going to be gone six months, that she was going to Germany to visit and travel and that she was leaving from the port of New York. So far, so good. But she left the name of the ship blank and gave her date of departure as "March or April 1925."

A year later, on 17 Mar 1926, Ida applied for and received an extension of her passport. She eventually did make a trip to Germany, but I have to wonder if the real purpose of her 1925 passport application was to provide her with documentation in her own name proving her status as a US citizen.

The 1925 New York State Census found Oscar and Anna (Abegglen) Leins at a new address: 128 West 74th Street. Charles and Anna (Larson) Leins and their two children had also moved, to 1923 Benedict Avenue in the Bronx. The house at this address had been built in 1920 and still stands. Arthur and Edna Leins and their children were listed at 2372 Amsterdam Avenue, the building next to the one in which Ida and Meta lived. The census doesn't list Arthur and Edna's fifth child, a son named Arthur born 23 Jul 1925.

Note that 2372 Amsterdam is the former 2364 Amsterdam. I wasn't able to find a notice of the change, but the last reference to 2364 Amsterdam I was able to find was in the New York Sun published 19 Aug 1925. (There was a robbery at the Washington Heights branch of the National Biscuit Company located at 2364 Amsterdam.) The first reference I was able to find to 2372 Amsterdam was in the Brooklyn Standard Union published six weeks earlier on 09 Jul 1925. (A woman died in an apartment at "2372 Amsterdam avenue, Manhattan.")

Both 2372 and 2374 still stand today. They were built in 1906, the year that the Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line of the IRT was extended northwards from 157th Street to 221st Street.

Anna Abegglen Leins filed her US citizenship petition 24 Aug 1925. Her identity was vouched for by her cousin Albert Kunz, the son of Margaretha Abegglen Kunz, and by Albert's brother-in-law August Truckenbrodt, who'd married Margaretha's daugher Rose. Margaretha had been Anna's contact when Anna immigrated in 1907.

Two years later, Anna made her first trip aboard as a US citizen, travelling with a passport issued 12 Mar 1927. She returned 26 Sep 1927 aboard the SS New York out of Hamburg after a ten-day voyage. She gave her address as 126 (rather than 128) West 74th Street.

On 12 Mar 1928 Richard Leins arrived in NYC aboard the SS New York out of Hamburg after a ten-day voyage. This was Richard Berthold Leins born 16 Jun 1888, the son of Friedericka Haug and Jacob Leins and the cousin of Charles, Ida, Arthur, Meta and Oscar.

Richard's occupation was given as farmer. He had left his wife Wilhelmina Kling Leins behind in Büchenbronn and was supposedly going to join a friend in Chicago. I don't know if he ever made it to Chicago. Certainly by the time of 1930 US Census he was living in Manhattan.

Six months later Ida Reuther, Meta Leins and Anna Schmid (a friend of Ida's and Meta's) returned from a trip abroad. They arrived in NYC on 30 Sep 1928 aboard the SS Hamburg out of Hamburg after a nine-day voyage. Their travel documents - US passports for Ida and Anna, a visa for Meta - were issued in April 1928, so they left the States after Richard's arrival. All three gave their address as 2374 Amsterdam Avenue. Because Meta was not yet a citizen, she was required to give her occupation: governess.

Perhaps this trip spurred Meta to complete the citizenship application process. She submitted a citizenship petition 07 Nov 1928. This time she gave her address as 1923 Benedict Avenue in the Bronx, i.e., Charles and Anna's address. Her occupation was still governess. The people who vouched for her identity were Anna Schmid, nurse, at 2374 Amsterdam Avenue, and Charles Leins, salesman, at 1923 Benedict Avenue. Meta's petition was approved 15 Aug 1929.

Three months later, on 12 Nov 1929, Richard's daughter Mina (Mina Frieda) arrived aboard the SS Bremen out of Bremen. They must have had good weather for the voyage, as it took only six days. Mina, born 28 Aug 1913, had left behind her mother in Büchenbronn and was going to join her father Richard at 2372 Amsterdam Avenue, i.e., Arthur and Edna Leins' address.

Mina's older brother Richard Emil, born 08 Mar 1910, also immigrated at around this period, but I wasn't able to find his passenger manifest. However, I did find a passenger manifest for Willy Leins, i.e. Willy Franz Rupprecht born 23 Aug 1893, the youngest brother of Charles, Ida, Arthur and Meta. Willy arrived 23 Feb 1930 aboard the SS Hamburg out of Hamburg after an eight-day voyage. His occupation is given as factory labourer. He left behind his wife Mina Epple Leins (not to be confused with Richard's wife and daughter) in Pforzheim and was going to join Charles at 1923 Benedict Avenue.

The 1930 US Census found Richard Berthold, Richard Emil, Mina Frieda and Willy all living at 507-509 West 178th Street. Richard Berthold and Willy were working as butchers at a wholesale butcher. Richard Emil was working as a baker at a wholesale bakery.

Charles, Anna and their children were living in the Bronx at 1923 Benedict Avenue. Charles was working as a salesman in electrical supply and Anna as a dressmaker in a dress salon. Ida and Meta were living at 2374 Amsterdam Avenue with two roomers, both single German immigrant women. Arthur, Edna and their children were living in the building next door, 2372 Amsterdam. Arthur was working as a shipping clerk in a wholesale provision market. His oldest son William, 15, was working as an errand boy for a wholesale stationery. Oscar and Anna were living at 122 West 74th Street with several roomers. Oscar was working as a waiter in a hotel. I expect that Anna was kept busy providing meals for and cleaning up after the roomers.

Mina Epple Leins, Willy's wife, and their son Willy Arthur arrived in NYC 14 Jun 1930 aboard the SS Hamburg out of Hamburg after an eight-day voyage. 17-year-old Willy Arthur's occupation was given as "electric." They left behind Mina's "step-brother" August Epple in Pforzheim. (He was actually her half-brother, her father having remarried when she was two.) They were going to join Willy at "237" Amsterdam Avenue, obviously meant to be either 2372 or 2374.

37 days there was another arrival, this time Meta's mysterious nephew, Arthur Fischbach, later Arthur Fischbach Leins. He arrived 21 Jul 1930 aboard the SS Europa out of Bremen after six days at sea. He left behind his mother Anna Fischbach in Pforzheim and was going to join Meta at 2374 Amsterdam Avenue. He was a merchant by trade.

The last arrival of 1930 was Mina Kling Leins, Richard's wife. She arrived 20 Oct 1930 on the SS Dresden out of Bremen after an 11-day voyage. (Were the seas rougher due to the later date?) She left behind her mother Luise Kling in Büchenbronn and was going to join Richard (and their other two children). Richard's address was originally listed as 511 East 16th Street, but this was crossed out and replaced with 397 East 33rd Street.

There were only a few more trips before WWII. Meta went abroad and returned 02 Apr 1932 aboard the SS Deutschland out of Hamburg after a nine-day voyage. Her address at this point was still 2374 Amsterdam Avenue.

On 28 Jun 1935 Richard's wife Wilhelmina Kling Leins left the States for a trip back to Büchenbronn. She returned 06 Dec 1935 with her and Richard's 20-year-old son Eugen aboard the SS Bremen out of Bremen after a seven-day voyage. Eugen's occupation was given as butcher. They were leaving behind Wilhemina's mother Luise Kling and going to join Richard at 507 West 184th Street.

Why did Wilhelmina return for Eugen now instead of bringing him with her in 1930? One possibility is that Eugen stayed in Büchenbronn to provide assistance for his grandmother Luise. Luise died on 04 Oct 1936, less than a year after Eugen left. It's possible that by 1935 both her health and the political situation in Germany had deteriorated sufficiently that it was apparent that Eugen's services as a caregiver would soon no longer be needed and that his continued presence in Germany was a risk to him.

Finally Oscar and Anna left the States for a trip to Büchenbronn in April 1937. They returned 24 Sep 1937 aboard the SS Deutschland out of Cherbourg after a seven-day voyage. At this point Anna was a US citizen but Oscar was not, so the passenger manifest gives more information about Oscar. His occupation was waiter. He'd been to visit his cousin Otto Leins in Pforzheim. He and Anna were returning to their home at 122 West 74th Street in NYC.

By the 1930s there was increasing divergence among the Leins households in New York as their children began to reach adulthood and get married. I'll deal with each household separately.

Sometime between April 1932 and 1935, Ida and Meta moved to 1380 Merriam Avenue in the Bronx, on the other side of the Harlem River from 2374 Amsterdam. Their brother Willy and his wife Mina moved to the apartment next door sometime between 1930 and 1935. Arthur Fischbach also gave this address as his home address when he filed his Declaration of Intention on 07 Aug 1936. He married Eleanor Barth in 1938 and was no longer living at 1380 Merriam by the time he filed his citizenship petition on 10 Jan 1940, but his witnesses were Ida and her friend Anna Schmid, both of whom gave their occupation as nurse and their address as 1380 Merriam Avenue.

Ida, Meta and Anna were all enumerated at 1380 Merriam in the 1940 US Census a few months later. This time Ida and Meta gave their occupations as governesses for private families. Anna was listed as an infant nurse in a private hospital. As mentioned above, Willy and Mina Leins were living in the apartment next door.

The last definite mention I have of Ida is in 1952, when she returned from a trip abroad on 14 Oct 1952 aboard the SS United States out of Le Havre after a five-day voyage. Her address is given as 1380 "Nerriam" Avenue. The passenger manifest was typed out in alphabetical order, so it's difficult to tell if Ida was travelling alone. However, there's no one listed with the last name Leins or Schmid.

Meta Leins returned from a trip abroad on 21 Oct 1955 aboard the SS Mauretania out of Le Havre after a six-day voyage. She was travelling with her cousin Oscar and his wife Anna. All three gave their addresses as 548 Huntly Drive, Los Angeles.

Meta died in October 1985 at the age of 96 in the Maspeth neighbourhood of Queens, New York.

By 1935 Willy, Mina and their son Willy Arthur had also moved to 1380 Merriam Avenue. Willy gave this address when he filed his Declaration of Intention on 30 Jul 1935 and Willy Arthur when he did the same on 26 Nov 1935. Willy Arthur then followed through by filing a citizenship petition on 09 Jun 1938. He stated that he'd been born in Pforzheim 03 Nov 1912, that he was not married and that he was an electrician by trade. His witnesses were his cousin Helen Leins Hurley and her husband Joseph Hurley of 125 Seaman Avenue, New York. His petition was approved 22 Sep 1938.

The 1940 census found Willy and Mina in the apartment next to Ida and Meta. Willy was working as a porter in a bank building and Mina as a jewelry polisher in a jewelry plant.

On 07 Apr 1941 Willy Leins "formerly Willy Franz Ruprecht Leins" filed his own citizenship petition. By then he and Mina had moved a couple of blocks to 1360 Plimpton Avenue. Willy had been born 23 Aug 1893 in Pforzheim. Mina had been born 25 Sep 1893 in Eutingen, and they had married 16 Jul 1917 in Pforzheim. He described himself as a diamond setter by trade. His witnesses were his niece Irene Leins Mulleady and her husband John Mulleady of 5803 218th Street in Bayside, Long Island. His petition was approved 22 Sep 1938.

Willy's citizenship petition is the last definite record I have for him and Mina. Willy is probably the William Leins born in 1893 who died in the Bronx on 22 Oct 1959.

I couldn't find Willy Arthur in the 1940 census. In his father's citizenship petition a year later, he was described as living in the Bronx without further specification. The next decisive record I have for Willy Arthur is dated 06 Feb 1943, when he enlisted in the US Army.

Willy Arthur's enlistment record says that he was married, but I don't know to whom. I know that at some time in or before 1947 he married Beulah Eddy Cox, but Beulah was born in Elmhurst, Illinois, on 10 Sep 1926. At the time Willy Arthur enlisted, she would have been 16.

Willy Arthur - or William, as he was known as an adult - returned to NYC 12 Mar 1945 aboard the troop transport N538-11. At that time he held the rank of sergeant. The manifest gives his address as 1953 Davidson Avenue in the Bronx, but I don't know if this is his parents' address or his wife's.

Certainly by 1947 William had met Beulah Cox, the daughter of Wilbur I Cox and Helen Eddy Stewart. (Helen's mother was Nellie C Eddy.) As of 1930, the family was living at 3622 Greenview Avenue in Chicago, along with Wilbur's brother Oliver. Wilbur died 25 Sep 1935 and Beulah's older half-sister married by 1936, but as of 1940 Oliver, Helen and Helen's children - including Beulah - were still at 3622 Greenview. It's hard to see how Beulah and Willy Arthur would have met by early 1943 - although she did have an uncle who lived in Brooklyn. Wilbur had a old brother named Charles who, by the time he was 22, had disappeared from Illinois, changed his name to Charles H Lawrence and reappeared in Brooklyn, where he married (twice), had children and started a steamship company.

William's obituary in the Las Vegas Sun refers to him as William "Dutch" Leins. He died 10 Nov 1996 and was survived by Beulah, a daughter named Diana L Cavallaro, a son named Rudy A Leins, eight grandchildren and five great-grandchildren. Beulah died 14 Jul 2005. The two of them are buried together in the Palm Downtown Cemetery in Las Vegas.

Edna Tietjen Leins died 04 Oct 1933 at 2373 Amsterdam Avenue. In the wake of her death, three of her five children married. Edna and Arthur's son William married Theresa Gallagher in Westchester County in 1935. Their daughter Helen was definitely the Helen E Leins who married Joseph Patrick Hurley in Manhattan on 07 Jun 1936. Finally, their daughter Irene I Leins married John Lewis Mulleady in Manhattan on 19 Sep 1936.

Theresa Gallagher was born 15 Nov 1914 in New York, the daughter of Irish immigrants Michael Gallagher and Bridget Gilligan. Bridget had already passed away on 04 Feb 1928. By 1940, William and Theresa were living at 1504 Amsterdam Avenue in Manhattan along with their son William J, born 01 Jun 1936, and Bridget's father Michael. A second son, Arthur R, was born 08 Nov 1944. Michael Gallagher died on 03 Oct 1950.

Joseph Hurley was born 10 Mar 1911 in NYC, the son of Martin Hurley and Catherine Hackett. He and Helen were living at 125 Seaman Avenue in Manhattan when they vouched for the identity of Helen's cousin William Arthur in 1938. In the 1940 US Census not only Helen and Joseph but also the senior Arthur and his son Arthur were living together at this address. Joseph was working as a telephone installer. (He had been working for the New York Telephone Company since 1928.) The senior Arthur was working as a butcher in a retail meat shop. He's listed as being naturalized, where in 1930 he was listed only as having filed his Declaration of Intention. However, I was unable to find a naturalization record for him.

John Mulleady was born 15 Mar 1910 in Attleborough MA to John J Mulleady and Maud Mercier. As of 1940, he and Irene were living at 3719 59th Avenue in Queens along with John's brother Joseph and Irene's sister "Kay" Leins, i.e, Caroline. John and Joseph were both working as crystal cutters in retail jewelry, while Irene was a bookkeeper in textiles. By the time Irene's uncle William filed his citizenship petition in 1941, Irene and John had moved eastwards to 5803 218th Street in Bayside, Queens. John gave his occupation as "shop foreman."

By 1942 the senior Arthur - Arthur Eugene - and the Hurleys were living at 107 Post Avenue, six blocks away from their address in 1940. The following year the younger Arthur, Arthur F Leins, turned 18 on 25 Jul 1943 and enlisted in the Army on 24 Sep 1943. Helen's husband Joseph also served during the war, as a Master Sergeant in the Army Signal Corps in India.

1946 brought two more marriages. Caroline Leins and Harold C Dugard recieved a marriage licence in Manhattan on 30 Jul 1946, while Arthur Leins and Bernice M Kirby received their license in Manhattan on 15 Nov 1946.

Harold Charles Dugard was born 20 Feb 1908 in the Bronx, the son of Seth W Dugard and Florence May Troy. In fact, he lived his entire life in the Bronx. Caroline was apparently his second wife. He married his first wife, Mary, in or about 1927. She was a year older than he was and had been born in Kentucky. They had two children, Harold born in or about 1935 and Joan born in or about 1937. Harold Sr was still married when he enlisted in the US Army on 1945 Mar 08, so I'm not sure what happened between then and 30 Jul 1946.

All I know about Caroline and Charles after their marriage is that she died in the Bronx, in the 10467 zip code, in September 1983. He died in the same place 11 years later on 03 Aug 1994.

Bernice was born in June 1928 in Bridgeport, CT, the daughter of Herbert and Ethel Kirby from Newfoundland. Ethel died in 1946, but Herbert (born 05 Aug 1901) didn't die until 01 Feb 1999 in Flushing, Queens, in the 11367 zip code. Arthur and Bernice also moved to Queens, so it could be that Herbert went with them. Ethel and Herbert are both buried in the Old Saint Raymonds Cemetery in the Bronx.

An article in the Bayside Times published 27 May 1948 celebrates the birth of a daughter named Helen Carol on 08 May 1948 to Mr and Mrs John Mulleady at 5803 218th Street. The Mulleadys also had a seven-year-old son named Jackie (John Lewis Jr).

A week later, another article in the Bayside Times published 03 Jun 1948 mentioned that Helen and Joseph Hurley bought a house at 5803 206th Street in Bayside, Queens, in or around August 1947. This was precisely 12 blocks away from where Irene and John Mulleady lived. Helen and Joseph's son, Joseph Patrick Jr., was born 10 Sep 1948. The Hurleys were later to have a second son, but I only know about him because he's mentioned in Joseph's obituary as surviving his father.

On 08 Oct 1953 the Bayside Times welcomed a new business owned by John L Mulleady, the Fine-Fit Crystal Co, "manufacturer of watch crystals and lenses for the wholesale trade." John was described as a Marine veteran and the chairman of a Cub Scout pack.

Arthur and Bernice apparently also moved out to Bayside (possibly with Bernice's father Herbert). An article in the Long Island Star-Journal published 12 Dec 1956 mentioned that the Bayside chapter of the Veterans of Foreign Wars had several new members, including Joseph P Hurley and Arthur Leins.

John L Mulleady Jr opted for the US Navy rather than his father's Marines. On 04 Oct 1962 the Bayside Times reported that Seaman Mulleady was serving aboard the USS Jospeh F Kennedy, "which carried the President and Mrs. John F. Kennedy to observe the America's Cup race."

According to the Bayside Times, Helen and Joseph were still living at 5803 206th Street when Joseph Patrick Jr started at Manhattan College (29 Sep 1966). Unfortunately Joseph Sr died nine months later, on 26 Jun 1967. He's buried in the Mount St Mary Cemetery in Flushing, section 17, row GG, grave 312. (Remember these numbers, you'll see them again.) Helen was still at the same address when Joseph Jr received his Bachelor of Science there (Bayside Times, 27 Aug 1970).

The Bayside Times also reported the marriage of Irene and John Mulleady's daughter Helene Carol on 03 Apr 1971 to Laurence P Koester, a Viet Nam veteran. The notice specifically noted that, "Miss Mulleady is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Mulleady of 58-03 218 St. and the granddaughter of Arthur E. Leins."

Arthur and Bernice seem to have been a bit less ebullient about reporting their children's activities to the Bayside Times. They had a son named Richard born in 1951 and a daughter named Carol born 02 Apr 1957. Richard T Leins received a license to marry Francine M Avanzino, formerly Francene M Taddeo, in Queens in 1982. Carol may be or have been married to Craig Buchalter.

By the time Richard and Francine married, Arthur Eugene Leins had already passed away. He died in November 1978 in the 11364 zip code, the Oakland Gardens neighbourhood of Queens. His son Arthur F Leins died 20 or 24 Apr 1999 in the 11367 zip code, in Flushing, Queens. The younger Arthur is buried in the Mount St Mary Cemetery in Queens, section 25, row R, grave 50.

The Mulleadys seem to have left Queens after Arthur Eugene's death. John Lewis Mulleady died in Bucks County PA on 22 Dec 1988. Irene died 15 Nov 2004 in Charlotte NC. Both she and John are buried at Sharon Memorial Park in Charlotte. The John L Mulleady Jr who passed away in Charleston SC on 07 Jan 2017 at the age of 75 may be their son born in 1941.

And now back to William. In August 1977 a man named William O Leins born 22 Sep 1914 died in Garnerville, Rockland County, NY. He was buried in the Mount St Mary Cemetery in Queens, section 17, row GG, grave 312 - the same grave as Joseph Hurley.

Then on 19 May 1980 a woman named Theresa Leins born 15 Nov 1914 died in Haverstraw, Rockland County, NY. (The town of Haverstraw includes the hamlet of Garnerville.) She too was buried in the Mount St Mary Cemetery in Queens, although in a different grave, section 21, row P, grave 89. Her headstone has her name and dates at the top with a large blank space below, as if it had been expected that other people would be added.

Finally on 13 Jul 2012 a second man named William J Leins died in Garnerville at the age of 76. He was born 01 Jun 1936. His obituary reports that he had a brother named Arthur and that Arthur had a son named Arthur Eugene. Furthermore, his wife had predeceased him. Her obituary mentions a son who predeceased her, Raymond J Leins. There's a Raymond Leins who died 25 Aug 1967 buried in the Mount St Mary Cemetery in Queens, section 17, row GG, grave 213. Again this is the same grave as both Joseph Hurley and William O Leins.

I'm pretty sure that the William O Leins and the Theresa Leins who are buried at the Mount St Mary Cemetery are "our" William Leins and Theresa Gallagher Leins, while William J is their son William from the 1940 census. However, I can't explain William O and Theresa's burial arrangements.

William J obtained a license to marry Mary Rose Rooney (born 23 Feb 1938) in Manhattan in 1957. Arthur may or may not be the Arthur Raymond Leins who obtained a license to marry Irma S Herrera in the Bronx in 1966. He's definitely the Arthur Leins who obtained a license to marry Paula Trueba (born 30 Nov 1945) in Manhattan in 1970.

William J and Mary Rose "Maureen" Leins had four children: Carol A born 17 Oct 1959, William R born 27 Aug 1962, Christopher J born 15 Jun 1968 and Raymond J. Raymond J died 25 Aug 1967, before Christopher was born. Mary Rose died 20 Aug 2008 in Little Egg Harbor NJ. (The family seems to have gone back and forth between Garnerville and Little Egg Harbor.) William J died 13 Jul 2012. Both William J and Mary Rose are buried in the Brig Gen Wm C Doyle Veterans Memorial Cemetery in Wrightstown, Burlington County, NJ, as William was a Navy veteran.

Arthur R and Paula had three children, Arthur Eugene born 25 Feb 1978, Andrew Edward born 25 Nov 1981 and Karen Patricia. They divorced in Florida in February 1996.

Sometime between 1935 and 1940 Charles Albert, Anna, Dorothy and Charles Olaf moved from the Bronx to Washington DC. On 16 Feb 1940, Dorothy married Stephen Koziski in DC. Stephen had been born in New Jersey in or about November 1915. His parents were John and Antoinette Koziski, who'd immigrated from Austria or Poland. John had moved to DC sometime after 1935 from Nesquehoning PA, where his father was a labourer for a coal breaker.

The 1940 US Census found Charles Albert, Anna and Charles Olaf living at 1614 17th Street NW. Charles Albert was working as a bartender in a restaurant. Anna was working as a seamstress for private individuals and Charles Olaf was working as an advertising clerk for a newspaper. Dorothy and Stephen were living 1.6 km away at 2025 "Eye" (I) Street NW. Both were working for the US government, she as a stenographer and he as a clerk.

Charles Albert registered for the WWII draft on 27 Apr 1942. Less than a year later, on 25 Feb 1943, Charles Olaf enlisted at Fort Myers VA.

By 1947 Charles Okaf had married. All I know about his wife is that her name was Marian F and that she was born 18 Jul 1917. Their son Charles Robert was born 25 Sep 1947. They also had either a daughter or a niece named Stephanie. If she wasn't their daughter, then she was Dorothy and Stephen's daughter.

I don't know when Charles Albert died, but he predeceased Anna. She was already a widow when she died on 28 May 1970. At the time she was living in Hyattsville MD. She was survived by Dorothy, who was also living in Hyattsville, and by Charles Olaf, who was living 15 km away in Wheaton MD. She was also survived by two siblings and two grandchildren, Mrs Stephanie Krumrein and Charles Robert Leins. She was buried in the Fort Lincoln Cemetery.

Dorothy died in September 1990 per the US Social Security Death Index. No location is given.

Charles Olaf died 08 Mar 1984 and Marian, on 05 Dec 1999. Both are buried in the Arlington National Cemetery.

Richard, Mina and their three children were still living in Manhattan as of 1935, but this changed completely over the next five years as the children married.

Mina Frieda was the first. She married Ernest August Hambrock in Manhattan 26 Dec 1937. Ernest was born in Gandesbergen, 51 km SE of Bremen, on 11 Sep 1907. His parents were Christian Hambrock and Dora Jackof. He arrived in the States on 10 Feb 1928 aboard the SS Karlsruhe out of Bremen. He was already living in Queens as of 1935, so it's possible that his marriage to Mina Frieda inspired the rest of her family to move there as well. The fact that the marriage licenses were obtained in Manhattan (on 22 Dec 1937) and the marriage took place in Manhattan suggests that the move didn't happen until afterwards.

The next marriage was that of Richard Emil Leins and Evelyn C Gabriel. They obtained marriage licenses in Manhattan 05 Dec 1938. Evelyn was the daughter of William Gabriel and Margaret Barger or Burger, born in NYC on 25 Aug 1910 or 26 Aug 1911. Her first marriage was on 30 Apr 1932 to Estonian immigrant Herman Hobenik, but they divorced in 1935.

The 1940 US Census found most of the family living at 8615 30th Avenue in Jackson Heights, Queens: Richard Berthold Leins, Mina Leins, Mina Frieda Leins Hambrock, Ernest Hambrock and Mina Frieda's younger brother Eugene. Richard Berthold was working as a labourer in cold storage. (His WWII draft record says that he worked for Borden's.) Ernest was working as a labourer in a chemical factory, and Eugene was a butcher as a baloney factory.

Richard and Evelyn were living at 4125 52nd Street in Woodside, Queens. This was the same house where Evelyn was living with her parents in 1930. (I wasn't able to find her parents in 1940, however.) Richard was working as a baker in a bakery.

Richard Berthold and Mina's third child, Eugene, got married some time between 29 Aug 1940 and 18 Sep 1940. He and Mary Toth received a marriage license in Brooklyn on 29 Aug 1940. On 18 Sep 1940 the Long Island Star-Journal announced that Eugene Lein and Mary "Foth" had been recently married, with Mrs Mina Hambrock as the matron of honour, Richard Leins Jr as his brother's best man and Ernest Hambrock as usher.

Long Island Star-Journal described the bride as "Miss Mary Foth of 31-11 83rd street, Jackson Heights, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Foth of Germany." The newly wedded couple were expected to reside at 31-11 83rd Street.

Mary J Toth's story - her headstone supplies her middle initial - is a bit more complicated and interesting than the brief blurb in the Star-Journal may indicate. She was born 10 Sep 1919 in Coplay, Pennsylvania, the second child of Janos/John Toth and Maria/Mary Unger. Both her parents were immigrants from what was at the time the western portion of the Kingdom of Hungary. They both spoke German as their first language. So did almost three-quarters of the rest of the population in this part of Hungary. Croatian was the second most common language, with Hungarian coming in third.

Janos Toth was born in Kólom (now Kulm, Austria) and baptized in Széntpeterfa (still in Hungary). He arrived in the States on 26 Mar 1912 to join an "uncle" (his stepmother's cousin) in Northampton, Pennsylvania, on the banks of Lehigh River across from Coplay. Janos was following the example of his father, uncles and male cousins. In fact in 1910, his father had been living in the same Northampton boarding house as the "uncle," although he had since returned to Hungary.

Maria Unger was born in Cseke (spelled Csejke in modern Hungarian; now Eisenberg an der Pinka, Austria) and baptized in Németkeresztes. Németkeresztes literally means "German Keresztes," so-called to distinguish it from Magyarkeresztes, Hungarian Keresztes. Both are now combined as Vaskeresztes in Vas County (Vasmegye), Hungary. Maria arrived in the States on 14 Mar 1914 to join her three older sisters in Coplay, Pennsylvania.

The boarding houses of Northampton were something like the oil company camps in Fort McMurray, Alberta, during the 2003-2008 boom. They were full of married men who'd left their wives and children at home to find work. In Northampton, the main attraction was the Atlas Portland Cement Company. (In Passaic, New Jersey, the Botany Worsted Mill was a similar attraction.) There were no "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" here. Men came to earn money and then take it back east where home was - Hungary or, in 2003-2008, Atlantic Canada. Some made two or three trips over a period of several years.

Unmarried men and women also came, the women to find jobs in silk mills and cigar factories. Not only could they earn money, they also had an oppportunity to meet a wider selection of marriage candidates than they would in their own villages - while still marrying partners who shared their language and culture. Sometimes the married couples settled down permanently and raised their children in the States. But it was also common for men to take their new wives back to Hungary, leave them there and return to the States to work. Parents sometimes took their children back to Hungary to be raised by grandparents while the parents returned to the States. People's choices were largely governed by economics. In terms of quality of life, both Hungary and the States had their pros and cons.

Janos and Maria married sometime between 14 Mar 1914 and 28 Sep 1916, when their oldest son John was born in Coplay. Mary followed three years later. The family was enumerated in Coplay in the US census conducted in January 1920. At some point after the census was taken, the entire family returned to Hungary. Their return might or might not been sparked by the Treaty of Trianon, signed 04 Jun 1920, which carved off the western portion of the Kingdom of Hungary to become the Austrian province of Burgenland. However, it's equally possible that Janos and Maria had been planning to return to Hungary for some years but were delayed by WWI.

There's some indication that Janos and Maria had returned to Kólom/Kulm by 1925. Janos' younger half-sister Theresia arrived in the States 14 Jan 1925. Her contact in the States was not Janos in Pennsylvania but rather Stephen Pomper in Passaic. Stephen had married Maria Toth, the daughter of Janos and Theresia's paternal uncle. Theresia/Theresa later married Otto Herman Kuhls in Manhattan on 19 Sep 1929.

Janos and Maria never returned to the States. Neither, as far as I know, did the son and daughter born to them in Kulm. However on 20 Sep 1935, 16-year-old Mary Toth sailed from Bremen aboard the SS Europa, arriving in NYC 26 Sep 1935. Her brother John followed the following year, arriving 03 Dec 1936. Because both were US citizens, their passenger manifests don't supply as much information as for "aliens." Both gave their US address as Box 189, Coplay, PA, John specifying that this address was C/O "Th. Gutleber." This would be their maternal aunt, Thekla Unger Gutleber.

I don't know what motivated their return to the States. Economics? Politics? There was something that made the family take the two children who could most easily be sent to the States and send them there.

I quickly lost track of John. Mary, however, appears to be the Mary Toth who was enumerated in Brooklyn in 1940. (Remember that this was where she and Eugene Leins obtained their marriage license.) She was lodging with Hyman Greenberg, a widower with two sons, and working as a housekeeper. It's not clear whether or not she was working specifically as the Greenbergs' housekeeper. It's also not clear whether or not she ever got to Pennsylvania at all, given that her aunt Theresa Toth Kuhls was living in Manhattan.

By the end of 1940, all three of Wilhelmina Kling and Richard Berthold Leins' children - Richard Emil, Mina Frieda and Eugene - were married. They were, however, not yet US citizens. WWII seems to have inspired the family to change that.

Richard Emil Leins may have been the first to become a US citizen. I wasn't able to find specific naturalization records for him. However, there's a Richard Emil Leins who filed a Declaration of Intention with the US District Court for the Southern District of New York in 1938, i.e., the same year "our" Richard Emil married Evelyn. There's also a Richard E Leins who was granted citizenship in 1942 by the US District Court for the Eastern District of New York, which would be appropriate for someone who'd moved to Queens by that year.

The rest of the family also received their citizenships through the US District Court for the Eastern District of New York. Mina Frieda's husband Ernest August Hambrock became a US citizen 17 Apr 1945, Eugene Leins on 13 Dec 1945 and Mina Frieda Leins Hambrock on 20 Dec 1945. Ernest and Mina were still living at 86-15 30th Avenue in Jackson Heights and Eugene at 31-11 83rd Street in the same neighbourhood.

Richard Bertold Leins became a citizen 23 Mar 1948. He was still living at 86-15 30th Avenue. As far as I know, his wife Mina Kling Leins never became a US citizen, perhaps considering it unnecessary.

Wilhemina Kling Leins may be the Wilhelmina Leins who died in New York City - I couldn't tell which borough - on 21 Apr 1957. Richard Berthold Leins' fate is a bit more mysterious. His birth record in Büchenbronn includes the information that he died 28 Mar 1958. I don't know if this means that he died in Germany or if the information was reported back to Büchenbronn from his family in the States. Certainly I couldn't find an NYC death record for him. It may be that he returned to Germany after his wife's death, probably to visit rather than to stay as his children were all still in the States.

Mina Frieda Leins Hambrock and her husband Ernest August Hambrock had no children that I know of. Ernest died in May 1958. Mina Frieda died 28 Aug 1992. At the time she was living in East Elmhurst, Queens.

Richard Emil Leins and Evelyn C Gabriel Leins had a son named Richard W Leins born 12 Mar 1945. Richard Emil died in 27 Mar 1972. Evelyn survived him by 42 years and died on 01 May 2014 at the age of 103. At the time she was a resident of North Eastport. She was buried at Pinelawn Memorial Park and survived by her son Richard, his wife Barbara and their two sons, Christopher and Drew.

Eugene Leins and Mary J Toth Leins had a daughter Lillian born in 1945-1946. The reason I know this is that 1956 saw the establishment of the Burgenländische Gemeinschaft "zur Pflege der Heimatverbundenheit der Burgenländer in aller Welt" (for the nurturing of home-solidarity of Burgenländers all over the world). They published their first newsletter in the spring of 1956. Their fifth newsletter, published in October, included family news sent in from Burgenländers abroad. In particular, it included the following:

Leins, Mary, geb. Toth, LITTLE NECK, N.Y. - grüßt mit dem Bild ihrer Tochter Lillian (von der Konfirmation) ihre liebe Mutter, Schwester and Bruder samt Familien in KULM, 53; diesen Grüßen schließt sich auch ihre Tante Theresia Kuhls (geb. Toth, Nr. 14) an.

Leins, Mary, born Toth, LITTLE NECK, N.Y. - greetings with the picture of her daughter Lillian (from confirmation) to her beloved mother, sister and brother together with [their] families in KULM, 53; her aunt Theresia Kuhls (born Toth, No. 14) also joins in these greetings.

Kulm is small enough that the houses are identified by number instead of by street and number. When Theresia immigrated in 1925, she gave her father's address as Kulm, 14. Mary's mother (Maria Unger Toth), sister and brother were apparently living in Kulm at house number 53. Note that her father is not mentioned, implying that he was already deceased. Also note that the sister and brother mentioned here were apparently born in Kulm after the family had returned from the States in the 1920s.

The picture Mary mentioned was published in the newsletter. It's of a young girl wearing a confirmation robe and holding what appears to be a prayer book. Back when my mother was attempting to raise me as a Catholic in the greater NYC area in the 1960s, the usual age for confirmation was ten. This agrees with the appearance of the girl in the photo. I would guess that it was a relatively recent photo when Mary sent it to be published in the October 1956 newsletter. (She didn't, for example, send a photo from Lillian's first communion instead.) So I'm guessing that Lillian was born 1945-1946.

There's also a Lillian Leins who graduated from Louis Pasteur JHS in 1960 and whose married name is Carlsen. Louis Paster JHS is in Little Neck, where we know that Lillian and her parents were living in 1956. If Lillian was about ten in 1956, she'd be 14 in 1960, the right age to graduate junior high school and begin high school.

Mary Toth Leins and Theresa Toth Kuhls apparently continued to keep in touch with the folks back in Kulm. In the March 1968 issue of the Burgenländische Gemeinschaft newsletter, the parish community of Eberau (less than a kilometre from Kulm) thanked people who had contributed to the purchase of a new church organ. Mary Leins and Theresia Kuhls had each contributed $5 USD. Mr and Mrs Stefan Pomper - Mary Toth Pomper was Theresa's cousin - contributed $2 USD. Toth is a common Hungarian surname. The John Toth who contributed $10 USD may or may not be Mary Toth Leins' brother. Likewise, the Alois Toth who also contributed $10 USD may or may not be Mary Toth Pomper's brother, who immigrated in 1922. Alois is an Anglicized form of the relatively common name Alajos, so in this context it's not as distinctive as one might hope.

Mary Toth Leins died 27 Mar 1986. Her husband Eugene survived her by less than two years, dying 13 Feb 1988. They're buried in the Yaphank Cemetery in Yaphank, Suffolk County, NY.

Lillian Leins Carlsen may or may not be the Lillian Carlsen born 19 Jul 1945 who married Richard Carlsen.

As mentioned above, at the time Anna and Oscar returned from a trip to Büchenbronn on 24 Sep 1937 they were living at 122 West 74th Street in NYC. They were still living there in 1942 when Oscar registered for the WWII draft. At this time he was working for the Center Restaurant in Rockefeller Center.

Oscar was granted US citizenship on 01 Aug 1956 by the US District Court for the Southern District of New York.

On 07 Nov 1947, Oscar and Anna set sail aboard the SS America out of Cherbourg, arriving in NYC on 13 Nov 1947. Their address was still 122 West 74th Street. Because they were now both US citizens, the passenger manifest has little other information.

At some point, Oscar and Anna moved from New York to California. They returned to NYC from a trip abroad on 21 Oct 1955 aboard the SS Mauretania out of Le Havre after a six-day voyage. Oscar's cousin Meta Leins was travelling with them. All three travellers gave their addresses as 548 Huntly Drive, Los Angeles. (It's worth noting that Albert Abegglen, Anna's brother or cousin mentioned above, had settled in Beverly Hills with his wife Madeline Sigrist sometime during the 1920s. He eventually died there 20 Jan 1988.)

Oscar died in Los Angeles 03 Mar 1959. Anna survived him by 18 years. According to the US-SSDI, she died in Europe in May 1977.

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In memory of Janet A Werner, 1931-2015